Characterisation

In literature classes, pupils are asked to write a characterisation of one particular figure or character of a novel, short story, play or drama. Frequently, they have difficulties in describing the character thoroughly, differentiating between direct and indirect characterisation and structuring their own writing process. What they lack is often only the necessary know-how.

A characterisation can be defined as the process in which the author presents his/her characters. Usually, there are two kinds of characterisation in existence.

On the one hand, a character can be presented directly if the reader gets explicit information about a character’s personality through direct statements. This can be done by the author, by another character or by the character him- or herself. On many occasions, there are direct descriptions of the character’s physical appearance and explanations of character traits and attributes in an introduction or in statements. A first person or omniscient point of view is usually used. Therefore, the reader gets the first impression of the character and it is easier for him/her to imagine the person. 

On the other hand, if a character is presented indirectly, the reader needs to use his/her imagination and to read between lines. As a consequence, it is left on him/her to interpret the given information and to draw conclusions out of it. Possible features worth examining are, among others, behaviour and outer appearance, language and choice of words, opinions and thoughts, social background and conditions, experience, intellect, development in the story, attitudes, motives and aims. This kind of characterisation has an effect on the reader as well. Since it leaves more space for interpretation, the indirect option appears to be more challenging and vivid. In addition to that, the reader is actively involved in the process and makes his/her own mind.

Whereas the former option, also called explicit, refers to “telling,” the latter implicit one is about “showing” the reader.

On the webpage http://team-uphues.de/html/characterization.html I found a helpful guide that can make it easier to write an own characterisation. Just follow the steps and you will find out that there is no need to be afraid of such a task at school!   

Step 1: Make notes (perhaps into your copy of the book) which indicate that a person appears, speaks or shows some main characteristics.

Step 2: Make notes on a separate sheet about each character. Ask yourself:

> How does the character look like?

> How does he/she behave in certain situations?

> Which characteristics are dominant/defining?

> Is there a connection between outer appearance, behaviour, language and character?

In answering those questions try to find suitable words especially adjectives for the character. Find proof for every aspect in the text and note down the page and line information.

Step 3: Order your thoughts, think of a good structure for your characterisation.

Step 4: Write the characterisation. Use present tense. Include quotations only when they prove your thoughts. Give line references.